How Do Websites Collect This Data?
Every time you load a web page, your browser automatically sends information to the server — and JavaScript running on the page can collect far more. Here's how each category works:
IP Address & Location
Your IP address is sent with every single network request. Websites don't need to ask — it's unavoidable. From your IP, sites can infer your approximate location, ISP, and whether you're using a VPN, proxy, or data centre.
Browser Fingerprinting
Even without cookies, websites can identify you by combining dozens of signals — screen resolution, installed fonts, GPU renderer, timezone, language, and more. This combination is often unique enough to track you across sites without storing anything on your device.
Canvas Fingerprinting
A hidden canvas element is drawn using your browser and GPU. Tiny rendering differences mean the output is subtly different on every machine — producing a hash that can identify your specific device.
WebRTC Leaks
WebRTC is a browser technology for video and voice calls. It can reveal your real local IP address (and sometimes your public IP) even when you're connected to a VPN — because the request bypasses the VPN tunnel entirely.